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Icon CheckLast updated: December 18, 2024

The Best Auto Insurance for Low-Income Drivers 2024

Find the best providers and rates for low-income drivers and families.

Cheapest Auto Insurance for Low-Income Drivers
Geico Logo

Full Coverage Averages
• Annual Premium: $1,942
• Monthly Premium: $95

Pros + Cons
Low prices for most drivers
Sizable savings
Affinity member discounts available
X No rideshare coverage

Read our GEICO review.

Best Auto Insurance for Low-Income Drivers With Poor Credit
Nationwide logo

Full Coverage Averages
• Annual Premium: $1,614
• Monthly Premium: $134

Affordable rates for drivers with poor credit
Loyal customer benefits, like fender bender forgiveness and a deductible waiver
Autopayments available with a discount
X Unavailable in Alaska, Hawaii, Louisiana, and Massachusetts

Read our Nationwide review.

Best Auto Insurance for Low-Income Veterans
USAA Logo 2023

Full Coverage Averages
• Annual Premium: $1,151
• Monthly Premium: $96

Cheapest for military and veterans
Financial support and services available to members
Membership discounts for day-to-day needs, like tax filing and groceries
X Available only to USAA members

Read our USAA review.

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Are you finding it difficult to get affordable car insurance? If you’re a low-income driver, it might be difficult to find a plan that fits your budget, get approved for insurance if you have a poor credit score, or obtain all the coverage add-ons to feel safe on the road. On top of that, we’ve recently seen some of the highest levels of inflation in decades, which is making it harder for millions of American drivers and families, especially those in lower tax brackets, to make ends meet.1

We think everyone, regardless of their income or economic status, should be able to find solid auto insurance plans at affordable rates, and that’s why we’ve done the research to help make  your search easier. We reviewed hundreds of providers before selecting the top three auto insurance providers for drivers with a poor credit score. Along with affordability, we assessed several factors, including liability coverage, medical payments coverage, and roadside assistance.

For more helpful car insurance info, check out our reviews on the cheapest auto insurance providers and the best car insurance options for those with a bad driving record.

Car and cell phoneBest Auto Insurance Companies for Low-Income Drivers

  1. GEICO – Cheapest Auto Insurance for Low-Income Drivers
    GEICO boasts some of the cheapest average rates among all drivers, including those in low-income brackets. If you’re a low-income driver looking for nationwide access to affordable rates, GEICO is a great place to start.
  2. Nationwide – Best Auto Insurance for Low-Income Drivers With Poor Credit
    Low-income drivers tend to have a poor credit score, which means higher car insurance premiums in most states. Luckily, there are providers who offer lower rates for drivers with a poor credit score, like Nationwide.
  3. USAA – Best Auto Insurance for Low-Income Veterans
    If you’re a low-income veteran looking for the best auto insurance, USAA will offer affordable rates, excellent service, and a financial support team to help you plan for the future.

Do Low-Income Drivers Pay More for Car Insurance?

Overall, low-income drivers do pay more for car insurance than high-income drivers. A study from the Consumer Federation of America found that low-income drivers with a clean record pay anywhere from 40 to 90 percent more than high-income drivers with a clean record on average.2

It’s important to point out that the correlation between low income and higher rates doesn’t necessarily mean that income is the direct cause of increased premiums. If, for example, more low-income families live in neighborhoods with higher vehicle theft, those individuals would see higher premiums because of the increased insurance risks associated with where they live. Individuals with poor credit are also more likely to be in a lower income bracket, and having bad credit leads to higher premiums in most states.

Even though people in low-income brackets are faced with systemic inequities, like limited housing options, employment, and access to certain discounts (pay-in-full or homeowners discounts), it’s still possible to find affordable, quality insurance.

Read on for our summary of the best auto insurance for low-income drivers.

FYI:

The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services defines “low income” as an individual or family whose income does not exceed 150 percent of the poverty line. Across 48 states, not including Alaska or Hawaii, that equates to an income of about $20,000 per year for an individual, $34,500 for a family of three, and $41,600 for a family of four.3

Summary of the Best Auto Insurance for Low-Income Drivers

  1. 1.

    Cheapest Auto Insurance for Low-Income Drivers: GEICO

  2. 2.

    Best Auto Insurance for Low-Income Drivers With Poor Credit: Nationwide

  3. 3.

    Best Low-Income Auto Insurance for Veterans: USAA

  4. 4.

    Best Pay-Per-Mile Auto Insurance for Low-Income Drivers: Metromile

  5. 5.

    Best Low-Income Auto Insurance for Safe Drivers: Root

Comparison of the Best Auto Insurance for Low-Income Drivers

Insurance company Average annual rate for drivers Best for Usage-based insurance Gap Insurance J.D. Power customer satisfaction index

(Southeast) (out of 1,000)4

Review
GEICO $1,194 Affordable rates Yes No 857 GEICO review
Nationwide Drivers with poor credit Yes Yes 861 Nationwide review
USAA $1,151 Military and veterans Yes No 874 USAA review
Metromile $662 Low-mileage drivers Yes Yes N/A N/A
Root $829 Safe drivers No Yes N/A N/A

Detailed List of the Best Auto Insurance for Low-Income Drivers

1. Cheapest Auto Insurance for Low-Income Drivers - GEICO

What We Like Most:

  • Save money with defensive driving courses
  • Cheapest rates after a speeding ticket
  • Save by installing safety equipment

With an average annual cost of $1,194, GEICO is well below the national average rate for car insurance ($2,071). We picked GEICO as our top pick because of its affordable rates, a wide array of discounts, and a large selection of coverage options, from minimum coverage to full. Unlike a few of the smaller insurance providers that have better average rates, GEICO is available in every state, making it more accessible to low-income families and drivers.

ProsWho It's Best For
  • pro
    People who are looking for affordable insurance
  • pro
    Low-income single parents
  • pro
    Teens or parents of teens
  • pro
    People who want to bundle insurance
ConsWho It's Not Best For

Affordable Rates for Low-Income Drivers

With an average national annual rate of $1,194, GEICO is the second-most-affordable large provider, just behind USAA ($1,151). It’s also one of the most affordable companies for low-income drivers. Here’s how GEICO’s rates for low-income drivers compare with competitors.

Company Monthly average premium Annual average premium
GEICO $118 $1,415
USAA $124 $1,487
Liberty Mutual $139 $1,672
State Farm $154 $1,850
Travelers $198 $2,379

Cheap Rates for Low-Income Single Parents

The cost of auto insurance for teens is among the highest in the country. Teens have the highest  rates of claims, accidents, and moving violations of all age groups, which leads to an average premium of around $3,700 annually. If you add a teen driver to your policy, you should expect your rates to increase as well.

Fortunately, companies like GEICO offer cheap rates for low-income single parents. If you’re a single parent struggling to find affordable car insurance, look to GEICO.

Company Monthly average premium Annual average premium
GEICO $199 $2,390
Nationwide $199 $2,392
State Farm $207 $2,485
Farmers $232 $2,783
Progressive $266 $3,193
Allstate $392 $4,704

Did You Know?

According to the Department of Justice, nearly 32 percent of single parents are living under the poverty line, compared to 9.5 percent of families with two parents. The poverty rate is even higher (35 percent) for single moms.5

Big Savings

You can save even more on your policy by taking advantage of GEICO’s many discounts. Depending your location and background, you may be eligible for the following discounts with GEICO:

Discount Amount
Airbags 23%
Anti-lock brakes 5%
Anti-theft system 23%
New vehicle 15%
Defensive driving course Varies
Good student (full-time, “B” average or above) 15%
Emergency deployment 25%
Military/veteran 15%
Multiple vehicles 25%
2. Best Auto Insurance for Low-Income Drivers With Poor Credit - Nationwide

What We Like Most:

  • Discounts for taking a defensive driver course
  • Network of local agents
  • Usage-based insurance program for low-mileage drivers

For decades, studies from institutions like the Federal Trade Commission have shown that individuals with bad credit have more claims and claims with higher costs.6 Inevitably, this has led insurers to view people with poor credit as high-risk drivers, which in turn leads to premium increases.

Here’s how much the average driver will pay for car insurance based on their credit score:

Credit score Average annual price
Excellent (800-850) $1,279
Good (670-779) $1,415
Fair (580-669) $1,711
Bad (300-579)7 $2,395

Even if you have bad credit, you do have options for great coverage at an affordable rate. Not only is Nationwide one of the oldest and most popular providers in the country, but it also offers some of the cheapest rates for drivers with low credit.

ProsWho It's Best For
  • pro
    Low-income drivers with poor credit
  • pro
    People who want gap insurance
  • pro
    People who drive less than 12,000 miles per year
  • pro
    Safe drivers who sign up for SmartRide
ConsWho It's Not Best For
  • con
    People living in Alaska, Hawaii, Louisiana, or Maine

Cheap Rates for Low-Income Drivers With Poor Credit

Although not all low-income individuals and families will have bad credit, many do. A study by the Federal Reserve identified a significant correlation between income and credit score: Low-income individuals and families had lower credit scores than any other income bracket.8

Fortunately, companies like Nationwide offer affordable rates to drivers with a low credit score. Here’s what your insurance rates might look with Nationwide compared to top competitors:

Company Average monthly rate for drivers with poor credit Average annual rate for drivers with poor credit
Nationwide $135 $1,617
GEICO $156 $1,871
Farmers $191 $2,289
State Farm $202 $2,420
Allstate $215 $2,582
Progressive $238 $2,852

DID YOU KNOW?

The only states where insurers cannot use credit score to determine car insurance rates are California, Hawaii, Massachusetts, and Michigan. Maryland, Oregon, and Utah have regulations around using credit score (for example, insurers in Maryland can’t deny an application because of credit score), but they can still use credit score as a factor when setting rates.

Great Gap Insurance for Leased Vehicles

Whether you decide to take on a co-signer or save up for a large down payment, there are ways to get approved for a loan or lease on your vehicle with bad credit. If you do get approved for a lease with bad credit, Nationwide offers gap insurance to help mitigate the financial risk that comes with totaling your vehicle.

Gap insurance helps you cover the gap between what you owe and the actual cash value (ACV) of the vehicle if it’s totaled. Since most vehicles depreciate over time, your car’s actual cash value (ACV) will be lower than the vehicle’s original price. Since your coverage will pay only for claims to the vehicle’s current value, not its original price, gap insurance will pay for what your coverage doesn’t.

3. Best Low-Income Auto Insurance for Veterans - USAA

What We Like Most:

  • Cheapest rates for teens on a family policy or on their own
  • Special discount for teens transitioning off their parents’ policy
  • Strong customer service and claims process

If you’re a low-income military veteran, you can sign up for USAA, the cheapest large insurance provider in the country. Since veterans, especially young veterans, are in some of the lowest tax brackets in the country, this makes USAA a great option for low-income veterans looking for affordable rates.

June 2022 marked USAA’s 100-year anniversary, and for over a century, the provider has offered affordable insurance rates, financial advice, benefits, and other great perks to its members.

ProsWho It's Best For
  • pro
    Military members, veterans, and their families
  • pro
    Mobile-home owners
  • pro
    Low-income veterans
  • pro
    Safe drivers
ConsWho It's Not Best For
  • con
    Non-USAA members
  • con
    People with a DUI on their record

Affordable Rates

USAA is the most affordable large insurance provider in the country, which, as we’ll get into below, can be important for veterans and military families.

Nearly 500,000 veterans in America spend 50 percent of their income on rent, and younger veterans (ages 18 to 34) are living in poverty at rates higher than any other age group.9 Although support for veterans has improved a lot over the past few decades — enough to put the veteran average income over the national average — large pockets of low-income veterans are still struggling to make ends meet.

USAA’s central mission is to enable its members and their families to find financial security, and it demonstrates that mission with its great prices, coverage options, and discount opportunities. You can save even more on your USAA car insurance through the following discounts:

  • Safe driver discount for going five or more years without an accident
  • Up to 10 percent off for bundling your home and car insurance
  • A 3 percent discount for making automatic payments
  • Good student discounts
  • Up to 15 percent off for keeping your car on a military base
  • Up to 60 percent off for keeping your car in storage when you’re deployed overseas

PRO TIP:

If you’re a low-income driver and live in California, New Jersey, or Hawaii, you may be eligible for state-sponsored insurance programs. For example, the California Landscape Contractors Association (CLCA) can provide you and a secondary driver with minimum liability coverage if you meet certain requirements. To learn more, check out the CLCA (California),10 Special Automobile Insurance Policy (New Jersey),5 and Aid to the Aged, Blind, and Disabled (Hawaii) websites.1112

Excellent Financial and Customer Support

Having low income may mean you don’t have good credit. If you have low credit, are struggling with managing your finances and monthly car insurance premium, or don’t know what kind of insurance you can afford, USAA has you covered. Its members now have access to Schwab, a financial services company that can help you manage your financial and auto insurance needs. Just by being a USAA member, you can benefit from the Schwab partnership in the following ways:

  • One-on-one financial guidance: USAA members can call Schwab financial support agents 24/7. They can give tips and answer questions about managing your finances, setting a budget for your auto insurance, and navigating other money-related challenges.
  • Investment resources: Schwab has its own interactive digital platform, where you can check out investment guides, create a portfolio, monitor your investments, and learn the basics of investing.
  • Calculator tools: Unsure if you can take on more than your state’s car insurance minimum requirements? Schwab’s easy-to-use calculator can help simplify all of the numbers, percentages, and details of your auto insurance plan.

On top of providing financial help, USAA consistently ranks in the top three in the J.D. Power customer satisfaction index, so you know you’ll be in good hands when you have questions or need to review your policy.

Additional Coverage Options

Because USAA offers some of the lowest rates available, you might want to consider getting some additional coverage options. On top of liability, you can add uninsured/underinsured coverage, collision coverage, comprehensive coverage, and medical coverage (PIP).

Other add-ons and insurance features include:

  • Rideshare insurance: If you drive for a rideshare service such as Uber or Lyft, you may want to consider rideshare insurance, which will protect you from situations in which neither your personal insurance nor the rideshare company’s endorsement provides adequate coverage.
  • Car replacement insurance: USAA will help you pay for a new car if your car is totaled. When you settle your claim, expect an additional 20 percent of your totaled car’s value from USAA.
  • Accident forgiveness: Accident forgiveness, which guarantees your claims won’t go up after an accident, is free with USAA after five years of being accident-free.
  • Roadside assistance: Stranded with a flat tire or overheated engine? USAA’s roadside assistance service can help get your car up and running or provide you with a tow.
4. Best Pay-Per-Mile Auto Insurance for Low-Income Drivers - Metromile
Metromile Insurance Logo

What We Like Most:

  • Save an average of 47 percent by basing insurance off of miles driven
  • Rates start at $29 a month, plus a per mile rate
  • 24/7 roadside assistance available

Although USAA is the cheapest large provider, Metromile is, on average, the cheapest auto insurance company in the country regardless of size. Its average annual cost of $662, or $55 per month, is about 20 percent of the national average rate for car insurance. If you live in one of the eight states where Metromile operates and have low monthly mileage, you may be eligible for the most affordable insurance in the country.

ProsWho It's Best For
  • pro
    People who live in one of the following states:
    • Arizona
    • California
    • Illinois
    • New Jersey
    • Oregon
    • Pennsylvania
    • Virginia
    • Washington
  • pro
    People who drive fewer than 10,000 miles per year
  • pro
    New and young drivers
  • pro
    Low-income drivers struggling to find affordable rates
ConsWho It's Not Best For
  • con
    People who have to commute often and drive long distances
  • con
    People who prefer to work with a customer service representative directly as opposed to using online and self-service tools

Pay-Per-Mile Insurance

Metromile is a pay-per-mile insurance company, which means it determines a dollar amount for each individual mile you drive. Metromile determines your per-mile base rate by looking at factors such as your credit score, driving history, age, and marital status.

Once Metromile determines your rate, it will charge you monthly based on how much you drive. Metromile uses the Metromile Pulse device to track how far you drive and other driving habits, which we’ll review more closely in a section below.

Let’s look at an example of what this might look like for someone with a base rate of $0.08 cents per mile. To make it interesting, let’s see how their rates would drop if they drove 100 fewer miles each month over the course of four months.

Month Base rate Miles per month Monthly cost
September $0.08 1,000 $80
October $0.08 900 $72
November $0.08 800 $64
December $0.08 700 $56

As we discussed in an earlier section, it’s not hard to earn significant savings on your car insurance by curbing your monthly mileage — for example, by carpooling, riding public transport, or bicycling — when possible.

Affordable Option for Young Drivers

With less experience and training, teen drivers get into accidents at higher rates than any other age group. That means auto insurance is more expensive for young drivers and their parents. The average annual car insurance rate for teen drivers is $3,751, which is nearly double the national average.

With Metromile, there’s a good chance you’ll find more affordable insurance even if you’re a teen driver. In fact, Metromile claims you could save as much as $1,000 per year on car insurance if you drive fewer than 50 miles per week. Data from the Federal Highway Administration shows that teens drive about 140 miles per week, which is the lowest average mileage rate of any age group.13

Tracking Made Easy

The Metromile Pulse device is a telematics (GPS) device that plugs into your car’s diagnostic port and gathers data based on your driving habits. It took us only a few minutes to open our Pulse device, plug it in, and access the tracking details through the Metromile app.

Although the main purpose of the app is to track the number of miles you drive, you can also access other cool features that tell you about the status of your car — such as whether you’re having issues with your engine, exhaust, or other parts of your vehicle — thereby helping you stay safer on the road.

5. Best Low-Income Auto Insurance for Safe Drivers - Root
Root Logo

What We Like Most:

  • Savings of up to $900 a year
  • Discounts for good drivers
  • File claims through the Root app, no paperwork required

Right behind Metromile, in second place for the cheapest overall provider in the country, is Root Insurance, another usage-based insurance company. Unlike Metromile, which looks at how many miles you drive to determine rates, Root tracks how safely you drive on a monthly basis. The more safely you drive, the cheaper your insurance rates will be. Root’s annual average rate is $829, which means you can save a lot on your car insurance by demonstrating safe driving habits.

ProsWho It's Best For
  • pro
    Safe drivers
  • pro
    People with a poor driving record who have improved their driving skills
  • pro
    People who can’t find affordable insurance elsewhere
  • pro
    People with a low credit score
ConsWho It's Not Best For
  • con
    People who live outside the following states/districts:
    • Alaska
    • Hawaii
    • Idaho
    • Maine
    • Massachusetts
    • Michigan
    • Minnesota
    • New Hampshire
    • New Jersey
    • New York
    • North Carolina
    • Rhode Island
    • South Dakota
    • Vermont
    • Washington
    • Washington, D.C
    • Wyoming
  • con
    Someone who's looking for a quick quote

Root Test Drive

Root determines your monthly base rate based on your driving record, location, type of car you drive, and other factors that traditional insurers use to determine your fixed base rate. However, the No. 1 factor in your rates is your driving behavior, not your income, which Root tracks via Root Test Drive through its app.

Your first month with Root Test Drive will determine whether you qualify for Root. If your driving habits aren’t up to par, Root will deny your insurance application. The insurer is very selective, which is how it keeps its rates so low. Here are a few things Root tracks during your Test Drive and for your monthly rate:

  • Cell phone usage: Root tracks how often you use your phone while you’re on the road, a form of distracted driving.
  • Braking habits: The Root app tracks how smooth your braking is. Sudden braking might suggest that you’re driving too close to other cars or not paying attention to the road.
  • Turns: Do you often make hard turns? It might hurt your Test Drive score at the end of the month.
  • When you drive: Some times of the day, like late at night on the weekends, are statistically less safe for driving. If you make a habit of driving during unsafe hours, you might hurt your score.

Drivers With Poor Credit

Root is a great option for drivers with poor credit. Although Root evaluates your credit score for your fixed base rate, credit has a much smaller influence on your monthly rate with Root than it does with traditional insurers. In fact, Root has committed to removing credit score from its estimation process entirely by 2025.

Because Root doesn’t rely on credit score as much as most insurance providers do, you’re more likely to save with Root if you end up passing the Test Drive.

Robust App Features

The Root app does much more than track your driving and create estimates for your car insurance rates. The app will notify you of how your insurance rates change when you add or remove coverage, and you can upload accident photos to the app directly to file claims in less than three minutes.

Through the app, you can do the following actions:

  • Request personalized car insurance quotes
  • Customize your coverage options
  • Add other drivers to your policy
  • Process claims
  • File an SR-22
  • Cancel your policy
  • Refer your friends for cash (anywhere from $10 to $100, which you can transfer straight to your bank account)

Methodology

  • Variety and options: We wanted our list to address the biggest concerns of low-income drivers and families: insurance costs, credit score, robust liability options, and more opportunities to save. That’s why we included a number of usage-based providers that give you the opportunity to save more based on your driving habits and needs.

    Whether you’re a safe driver, a low-mileage driver, a single parent, or a driver with poor credit, this list showcases some of the best providers for great coverage at affordable rates. We believe that every driver, regardless of their income, should be able to find reliable coverage and feel safe while they’re on the road. GEICO, USAA, Metromile, Root, and Direct Auto will give you a variety of insurance types to save and get the coverage you need.
  • Proprietary data: Our proprietary, 20-year data set comes from reviewing millions of auto insurance transactions. Those data points give us insight into the best insurance rates, deals, specs, and coverage options based on your location, marital status, gender, budget, and more.
  • Insider guidance: We’re fortunate to consult with Paul Ford, president of insurance at Centerfield, Autoinsurance.com’s parent company. He has been part of the insurance world for three decades, with tenures at NetQuote, Bankrate, Datalot, Canadian Access, and others. His insider knowledge and expert guidance enable us to provide customers with everything they need to find the perfect plans and get updated on the most essential auto insurance information.

Frequently Asked Questions

How can I get low-income car insurance rates?

  1. If you qualify for usage-based insurance providers such as Metromile or Root, request a quote.
  2. Get the minimum coverage your state requires, which may be only bodily injury and property damage liability.
  3. Ask agents about discounts.
  4. Bundle multiple vehicles and policies to reduce your costs.
  5. Shop around for the best rates.
  6. If you have an older and cheaper car, ditch the comprehensive and collision coverage. Comprehensive and collision payouts are limited to the max value of your car, so it may not make sense to pay hundreds of dollars a year for a car that’s worth only a few thousand dollars.

How much coverage can I afford as a low-income driver?

Everyone’s budget is different, so there isn’t a one-size-fits-all answer. However, you can use Edmunds’ car affordability calculator to determine your car payment costs. Edmunds recommends allocating 15 percent of your take-home income to car payments, including insurance, on a new car, or 10 percent if you’re leasing or own a used car.

Do I need full coverage for my car?

No states require full coverage for you to drive lawfully on the road. While we recommend getting as much coverage as possible, sometimes full coverage may not make sense if the total value of your vehicle is extremely low (less than $4,000, for example).

Which state has the most affordable car insurance rates on average?

With a $696.37 average annual spending rate, Maine is the cheapest state on average for car insurance.

Ali Saleh
Written by:Ali Saleh
Staff Writer & Editor
Ali Saleh is a copywriter with nearly 10 years of experience in content writing, editing, and journalism. Ali’s work has been featured on a number of notable sites and publications, including MSN, Business.com’s award-winning newsletter, and Groove Korea, South Korea’s largest English-print magazine. Today, he writes for dozens of brands, providing expert guides and informative articles on auto insurance, healthcare, recruiting technology, business, and more. Ali holds a Master of Fine Arts in creative writing from North Carolina State University.

Citations

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  2. Major Auto Insurers Raise Rates Based on Economic Factors. Consumer Federation of America. (2016, Jun).
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  3. Federal TRIO Programs Current-Year Low-Income Levels. U.S. Department of Education. (2024, Jan 11).
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  4. Auto Insurance Shopping and Switch Rates Reach New Highs as Premiums Surge, J.D. Power Finds. J.D. Power. (2023, Apr 27).
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  5. Poverty status of children by family structure. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. (2024).
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  6. CREDIT-BASED INSURANCE SCORES: IMPACTS ON CONSUMERS OF AUTOMOBILE INSURANCE. Federal Trade Commission. (2077, Jul).
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  7. What Is a Good Credit Score? Experian. (2024).
    https://www.experian.com/blogs/ask-experian/credit-education/score-basics/what-is-a-good-credit-score/

  8. Are Income and Credit Scores Highly Correlated? Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. (2018, Aug 13).
    https://www.federalreserve.gov/econres/notes/feds-notes/are-income-and-credit-scores-highly-correlated-20180813.html

  9. The Ugly Face of Veteran Poverty in the United States. National Veterans Foundation. (2015, Sep 10).
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  10. California’s Low Cost Auto Insurance Program. California Department of Insurance. (2024).
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  11. Special Automobile Insurance Policy (SAIP). State of New Jersey Department of Banking & Insurance. (2024).
    https://www.nj.gov/dobi/division_consumers/insurance/saip.htm

  12. AID TO THE AGED, BLIND, AND DISABLED (AABD). Hawaii.gov Department of Human Services Benefit, Employment & Support Services. (2024).
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  13. Driving miles estimates by teen drivers: how accurate are they? National Library of Medicine. (2008, Feb 14).
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